Pronunciation of Brazilian Portuguese
Vowels and Diphthongs
a, á. à |
ã, â |
e |
é |
ê |
i |
o |
ó |
[a] |
[ã] |
[e,ε, i, j] |
[ε] |
[e] |
[i, j, jj] |
[o, כ, u, w] |
[כ] |
ô |
õ |
u |
ãe |
ai |
ãi |
ao, au |
ão |
[o] |
[õ] |
[u,w] |
[ãj] |
[aj] |
[ãj] |
[aw] |
[ãw] |
ei |
éi |
eu |
éu |
oa |
oi |
ói |
ou |
[ej/e] |
[εj] |
[ew] |
[εw] |
[owa] |
[oj] |
[כj] |
[o,ow] |
õe |
ui |
-am |
-em |
-en(s) |
-ém |
-éns |
-êm |
[õj] |
[uj/ũj] |
[ãw] |
[ẽj] |
[ẽj(s)] |
[ẽj] |
[ẽjs] |
[ẽj] |
-im |
-ins |
-om |
-on(s) |
-um |
-uns |
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[ĩj] |
[ĩjs] |
[õw] |
[õw(s)] |
[ũw] |
[ũws] |
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Consonants
b |
c |
ç |
ch |
d |
f |
g |
[b] |
[k, s] |
[s] |
[∫] |
[d,  ] |
[f] |
[g,  ] |
gü |
h |
j |
k |
l |
lh |
m |
[gw] |
ø |
[] |
[k] |
[l, w] |
[λ] |
[m] |
n |
nh |
p |
qu |
qü |
r, rr |
s |
[n] |
[jj, ŋ] |
[p] |
[k, kw] |
[kw] |
[r, rr] |
[s, z, ∫, ] |
ss |
t |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z |
[s] |
[t, t∫] |
[v] |
[v, w] |
[∫, s, z, ks] |
[j,i] |
[z,s, ∫, ] |
• e = [ e ] when unstressed and non-final, [ e ] or [  ] when stressed, [ i ] when final
• o = [ o ] when unstressed and non-final, [  ] or [ o ] when stressed, [ u ] when final
• c = [ s ] before i or e, [ k ] elsewhere
• d = [ ] before i or a final unstressed e, [ d ] elsewhere
• g = [ ] before i or e, [ g ] elsewhere
• gu = [ g ] before i or e, [ gw ] elsewhere
• m is nasalized when at the end of a syllable and preceded by a vowel.
• n is nasalized when at the end of a syllable, preceded by a vowel and followed by a consonant.
• l = [ w ] after vowels, [ l ] elsewhere
• qu = [ k ] before I or e, [ kw ] before a, o or u
• r = [ r ] after consonants (except n) and before a vowel or at the end of a word if the next word begins with a vowel, [ x ] elsewhere. When at the end of a word and followed by a word beginning with a vowel = [ r ], otherwise = [ x ]. In São Paulo, r sometimes = [  ].
• s = [ s ] at the beginning of words, [ z ] between vowels. In Rio de Janeiro, s = [ ] before d, g, l, m, n, r and v, [  ] before c, f, p, qu and t.
• t = [  ] before i or a final unstressed e, [ t ] elsewhere
• x = [ ] at the beginning of a word and before a consonant (except c), pronounced [ s ] before ce or ci, ex + vowel = [ z ], elsewhere x = [ ], [ ks ] or [ s ].
• z = [ ] at the ends of words and [ z ] elsewhere
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